| 1952 |
|
| 1961 |
|
| 1962 |
|
| 1963 |
|
| 1964a |
|
| 1964b |
? |
| 1964c |
|
| 1964d |
|
| 1964e |
|
| 1965 |
|
| 1966a |
|
| 1966b |
|
| 1966c |
|
| 1966d |
− |
| 1966e |
|
| 1967a |
|
| 1967b |
|
| 1967c |
|
| 1968a |
− |
| 1968b |
|
| 1968c |
|
| 1969a |
|
| 1969b |
(17) Our Colonial Ancestors. STATING THE
ISSUE. We are a nation of immigrants. The
Indians whom the first white settlers found
here had originally emigrated from Asia across
the Bering Straits. In the nineteenth and
twentieth centuries, 35 million Europeans
crossed the Atlantic to our shores while
thousands of Chinese, Japanese, and other
Asians entered our western ports. |
| 1969c |
|
| 1969d |
|
| 1970 |
|
| 1971a |
|
| 1971b |
|
| 1972 |
(246) This new wave of immigration began
about 1890 and lasted for thirty years. People
still came to America from Northern and Western
Europe, but now they also came from other
countries. And they came in greater numbers
than ever before. They came from countries
like Italy, Greece, Austria, Hungary, Poland,
Armenia, and Russia. And thousands of Japanese
crossed the Pacific to settle in California. |
| 1973 |
|
| 1974 |
|
| 1975 |
− |
| 1976 |
− |
| 1978a |
− |
| 1978b |
|
| 1980 |
|
| 1981a |
|
| 1981b |
|
| 1982a |
|
| 1982b |
|
| 1982c |
− |
| 1982d |
|
| 1982e |
|
| 1983a |
− |
| 1983b |
|
| 1983c |
|
| 1983d |
|
| 1984 |
|
| 1985a |
|
| 1985b |
|
| 1985c |
− |
| 1986a |
− |
| 1986b |
|
| 1986c |
|
| 1986d |
|
| 1986e |
− |
| 1986f |
(369) After 1890 Japanese immigrants also
began coming to America. They settled on
the West Coast and in Hawaii. (500) After
the war, many other Americans were ashamed
of what had happened to the Japanese Americans.
The old immigration laws were ended. Hawaii
was admitted as the 50th state in 1959. Over
one-third of its people were of Chinese and
Japanese origin. |
| 1987a |
|
| 1987b |
− |
| 1988 |
(534) In 1910, Japanese immigration was also
halted. About 130,000 Japanese had come to
America by that time. |
| 1989a |
? |
| 1989b |
|
| 1990a |
|
| 1990b |
? |
| 1990c |
(483) Japanese immigrants did not arrive
much before the end of the century. They
came in smaller numbers, about 70,000 in
all. |
| 1990d |
(699) Because of population pressures on
the limited land mass of Japan, as well as
war and the quest for economic opportunities
Japanese immigration to the United States
dramatically increased around the turn of
the century. |
| 1990e |
|
| 1991 |
(459-60) As with China, the issue of immigration
strained relations with the United States.
After 1885 the Japanese emperor allowed citizens
to leave the nation for Hawaii. Then, when
the United States annexed Hawaii in 1898,
many Japanese moved to the West Coast. |
| 1992a |
− |
| 1992b |
|
| 1992c |
|
| 1992d |
|
| 1992e |
|
| 1992f |
|
| 1992g |
|
| 1993a |
(581) Japanese-American relations might have
remained excellent had it not been for the
problem of immigration. In 1900 Tokyo agreed
to deny passports to emigrant laborers bound
for the United States. But Japanese workers
continued to make their way to the West Coast
through Hawaii, Mexico, and Canada. |
| 1993b |
− |
| 1994a |
|
| 1994b |
(695) Because of population pressures on
the limited land mass of Japan, as well as
war and the quest for economic opportunities,
Japanese immigration to the United States
dramatically increased around the turn of
the century. |
| 1994c |
(455) In the 1880s, Japanese farmers began
to replace Chinese workers in Hawaii's pineapple
and sugar cane fields. Many Japanese saved
enough money to travel to California and
become successful farmers there. |
| 1994d |
|
| 1995a |
− |
| 1995b |
|
| 1995c |
− |
| 1996a |
(577) Thus they acquired thousands of acres
on which they produced sugar for export to
the United States. In 1879 the total value
of sugar estates in Hawaii was less than
$10 million, but by 1898 the figure had jumped
to over $40 million. Planters imported cheap
laborers from China, Japan, the Philippines.
Korea, and Puerto Rico to work the sugar
cane fields. Soon Japanese immigrants alone
made up a fourth of the population. Native
Hawaiians were rapidly becoming aminority
on their own islands. (578) [Picture] Polynesians
were culturally ill-suited to the backbreaking
labor of sugar cane cultivation in Hawaii.
English and American planters, who dominated
the sugar plantations, instead recruited
Japanese workers like this one. (943) The
presence of other Asian Americans and an
international atmosphere drew many Asians
to New York City, but climate made Hawaii
and California particularly popular destinations.
Of more than 800,000 Korean Americans about
a quarter lived around Los Angeles in 1990.
So, too, the 1.4 million Japanese Americans
settled primarily in California and Hawaii. |
| 1996b |
(367) By 1910, arrivals from Mexico were
beginning to outnumber arrivals from Ireland,
and large numbers of Japanese had moved to
the West Coast and Hawaii. (367) The United
States had been the destination of immigrants
from northern and western Europe since the
1840s, but after 1880 economic and demographic
changes propelled a second massive wave of
immigrants from other regions. Northern and
western Europeans continued to arrive, but
the new wave brought more people from eastern
and southern Europe, plus smaller contingents
from Canada, Mexico, and Japan. |
| 1996c |
|
| 1996d |
− |
| 1996e |
|
| 1997a |
|
| 1997b |
− |
| 1998a |
(744) Thus they acquired thousands of acres
on which they produced sugar for export to
the United States. In 1879 the total value
of sugar estates in Hawaii was less than
$10 million. But by 1898 the figure had jumped
to over $40 million. Planters imported cheap
laborers from China, Japan, the Philippines.
Korea, and Puerto Rico to work the sugarcane
fields. Soon Japanese immigrants made up
a fourth of the population. Native Hawaiians
were rapidly becoming a minority on their
own ilaqnds. (745) [Picture] Sugar was the
key to Hawaii's English- and American-dominated
plantations. Polynesians were culturally
ill suited to the backbreaking labor sugar
cultivation demanded, Planters filled their
labor needs by recruiting Japanese workers
like this one. (1201) The presence of other
Asian Americans and an international atmosphere
drew many Asians to New York City, but climate
made Hawaii and California particularly popular
destinations. In 1977 alone some 40,000 Filipinos
migrated to Honolulu, many eager to escape
from the corrupt regime of dictator Ferdinand
Marcos. Of more than 800,000 Korean Americans,
about a quarter lived around Los Angeles
in 1990. So, too, the 1.4 million Japanese
Americans settled primarily in California
and Hawaii. |
| 1998b |
− |
| 1998c |
(715) Because of population pressures on
the limited land mass of Japan, as well as
war and the quest for economic opportunities,
Japanese immigration to the United States
dramatically increased around the turn of
the century. |
| 1999a |
− |
| 1999b |
(581) Thus they acquired thousands of acres
on which they produced sugar for export to
the United States. In 1879 the total value
of sugar estates in Hawaii was less than
$10 million, but by 1898 the figure had jumped
to over $40 million. Planters imported cheap
laborers from China, Japan, the Philippines.
Korea, and Puerto Rico to work the sugarcane
fields. Soon Japanese immigrants alone made
up a fourth of the population. Native Hawaiians
were rapidly becoming aminority on their
own islands. (582) [Picture] Polynesians
were culturally ill-suited to the backbreaking
labor of sugarcane cultivation in Hawaii.
English and American planters, who dominated
the sugar plantations, instead recruited
Japanese workers like this one. (952) The
presence of other Asian Americans and an
international atmosphere drew many Asians
to New York City, but climate made Hawaii
and California particularly popular destinations.
Of more than 800,000 Korean-Americans, about
a quarter lived around Los Angeles in 1990.
So, too, the 1.4 million Japanese-Americans
settled primarily in California and Hawaii. |
| 1999c |
(555) Significant numbers of Japanese immigrants
began coming to the United States after 1890.
From 1891 through 1907, nearly 150,000 arrived. |
