| 1952 |
|
| 1961 |
|
| 1962 |
|
| 1963 |
|
| 1964a |
(561) The unfortunate result was to increase
the effectiveness of anti-American propaganda
put out by militarists in Japan. |
| 1964b |
? |
| 1964c |
|
| 1964d |
|
| 1964e |
|
| 1965 |
|
| 1966a |
|
| 1966b |
|
| 1966c |
|
| 1966d |
− |
| 1966e |
|
| 1967a |
|
| 1967b |
|
| 1967c |
|
| 1968a |
− |
| 1968b |
|
| 1968c |
|
| 1969a |
|
| 1969b |
|
| 1969c |
|
| 1969d |
|
| 1970 |
|
| 1971a |
|
| 1971b |
|
| 1972 |
|
| 1973 |
|
| 1974 |
|
| 1975 |
− |
| 1976 |
− |
| 1978a |
− |
| 1978b |
|
| 1980 |
|
| 1981a |
|
| 1981b |
|
| 1982a |
|
| 1982b |
|
| 1982c |
− |
| 1982d |
|
| 1982e |
|
| 1983a |
− |
| 1983b |
|
| 1983c |
|
| 1983d |
|
| 1984 |
|
| 1985a |
(627) Concerned about good relations between
Japan and the United States, Secretary of
State Charles Evans Hughes had urged Congress
to treat the Japanese like the Europeans.
Indignation in Japan was so extreme after
the passage of the act that Hughes feared
it had "implanted the seeds of an antagonism"
that were "sure to bear fruit in the
future." Immigration restriction was
just one aspect of the nativism that flourished
in the 1920s. (724) But the Japanese Exclusion
Act of 1924 unfortunately offset much of
the new-found good will by causing an anti-American
reaction in Japan. And later efforts failed
to extend the naval limitations beyond battleships
to other war vessels such as cruisers, destroyers,
and submarines. |
| 1985b |
|
| 1985c |
− |
| 1986a |
− |
| 1986b |
|
| 1986c |
|
| 1986d |
|
| 1986e |
− |
| 1986f |
|
| 1987a |
|
| 1987b |
− |
| 1988 |
|
| 1989a |
? |
| 1989b |
(684) Expansionist and militarist groups
inside and outside of government began to
have stronger voices. If the Japanese could
not emigrate and if other nations' tariffs
limited Japanese export income, they said,
then the nation had only one alternative:
territorial expansion. |
| 1990a |
|
| 1990b |
? |
| 1990c |
|
| 1990d |
|
| 1990e |
|
| 1991 |
|
| 1992a |
− |
| 1992b |
|
| 1992c |
|
| 1992d |
|
| 1992e |
|
| 1992f |
|
| 1992g |
|
| 1993a |
|
| 1993b |
− |
| 1994a |
|
| 1994b |
|
| 1994c |
|
| 1994d |
|
| 1995a |
− |
| 1995b |
|
| 1995c |
− |
| 1996a |
(673) The National Origins Act fixed the
pattern of immigration for the next four
decades. Immigration from southern and eastern
Europe was reduced to a trickle. The free
flow of Europeans to America, a migration
of classes and nationalities that had been
unimpeded for 300 years, came to an end.
(675) When boycotts and shispering campaigns
failed to cleanse communities of Jews, Mexicans,
Japanese, or others who offended their social
code, the Klan resorted to floggings, kidnappings,
acid mutilations, and murder. |
| 1996b |
|
| 1996c |
|
| 1996d |
− |
| 1996e |
|
| 1997a |
|
| 1997b |
(407) The act had immediate effects on immigration.
For the most part, it ended legal Chinese
and Japanese immigration. |
| 1998a |
(855) The National Origins Act fixed the
pattern of immigration for the next four
decades. Immigration from southern and eastern
Europe was reduced to a trickle, while the
steady flow of northern and western Europeans
continued. In Congress support for restriction
was especially strong among rural members
who saw it as a matter of race and religion
and also of beliefs and loyalties. (857)
When boycotts and whispering campaigns failed
to cleanse communities of Jews, Mexicans,
Japanese, or others who offended their social
code, the Klan resorted to floggings, kidnappings,
acid mutilations, and murder. |
| 1998b |
− |
| 1998c |
|
| 1999a |
− |
| 1999b |
(676) The National Origins Act fixed the
pattern of immigration for the next four
decades. Immigration from southern and eastern
Europe was reduced to a trickle. The free
flow of Europeans to America, a migration
of classes and nationalities that had been
unimpeded for 300 years, came to an end.
(678-9) When boycotts and whispering campaigns
failed to cleanse communities of Jews, Mexicans,
Japanese, or others who offended their social
code, the Klan resorted to floggings, kidnappings,
acid mutilations, and murder. |
| 1999c |
|
