[1952]
[1961]
[1962]
[1963]
[1964a]
[1964b] ？
[1964c]
[1964d]
[1964e]
[1965]
[1966a]
[1966b]
[1966c]
[1966d] −
[1966e]
[1967a]
[1967b]
[1967c]
[1968a] −
[1968b]
[1968c]
[1969a]
[1969b] (17) Our Colonial Ancestors. STATING THE ISSUE. We are a nation of
immigrants. The Indians whom the first white settlers found here had originally
emigrated from Asia across the Bering Straits. In the nineteenth and twentieth
centuries, 35 million Europeans crossed the Atlantic to our shores while
thousands of Chinese, Japanese, and other Asians entered our western ports.
[1969c]
[1969d]
[1970]
[1971a]
[1971b]
[1972] (246) This new wave of immigration began about 1890 and
lasted for thirty years. People still came to America from Northern and Western
Europe, but now they also came from other countries. And they came in greater
numbers than ever before. They came from countries like Italy, Greece, Austria,
Hungary, Poland, Armenia, and Russia. And thousands of Japanese crossed the
Pacific to settle in California.
[1973]
[1974]
[1975] −
[1976] −
[1978a] −
[1978b]
[1980]
[1981a]
[1981b]
[1982a]
[1982b]
[1982c] −
[1982d]
[1982e]
[1982f]
[1983a] −
[1983b]
[1983c]
[1983d]
[1984]
[1985a]
[1985b]
[1985c] −
[1986a] −
[1986b]
[1986c]
[1986d]
[1986e] −
[1986f] (369) After 1890 Japanese immigrants also began coming to
America. They settled on the West Coast and in Hawaii. (500) After the war,
many other Americans were ashamed of what had happened to the Japanese
Americans. The old immigration laws were ended. Hawaii was admitted as the 50th
state in 1959. Over one-third of its people were of Chinese and Japanese
origin.
[1987a]
[1987b] −
[1988] (534) In 1910, Japanese immigration was also halted.
About 130,000 Japanese had come to America by that time.
[1989a] ？
[1989b]
[1990a]
[1990b] ？
[1990c] (483) Japanese immigrants did not arrive much before the end of the
century. They came in smaller numbers, about 70,000 in all.
[1990d] (699) Because of population pressures on the limited land mass of
Japan, as well as war and the quest for economic opportunities Japanese
immigration to the United States dramatically increased around the turn of the
century.
[1990e]
[1991] (459-60) As with China, the issue of immigration
strained relations with the United States. After 1885 the Japanese emperor
allowed citizens to leave the nation for Hawaii. Then, when the United States
annexed Hawaii in 1898, many Japanese moved to the West Coast.
[1992a] −
[1992b]
[1992c]
[1992d]
[1992e]
[1992f]
[1992g]
[1992h]
[1993a] (581) Japanese-American relations might have remained excellent had
it not been for the problem of immigration. In 1900 Tokyo agreed to deny
passports to emigrant laborers bound for the United States. But Japanese
workers continued to make their way to the West Coast through Hawaii, Mexico,
and Canada.
[1993b] −
[1994a]
[1994b] (695) Because of population pressures on the limited land mass of
Japan, as well as war and the quest for economic opportunities, Japanese
immigration to the United States dramatically increased around the turn of the
century.
[1994c] (455) In the 1880s, Japanese farmers began to replace Chinese
workers in Hawaii's pineapple and sugar cane fields. Many Japanese saved enough
money to travel to California and become successful farmers there.
[1994d]
[1995a] −
[1995b]
[1995c] −
[1996a] (577) Thus they acquired thousands of acres on which they produced
sugar for export to the United States. In 1879 the total value of sugar estates
in Hawaii was less than $10 million, but by 1898 the figure had jumped to over
$40 million. Planters imported cheap laborers from China, Japan, the
Philippines. Korea, and Puerto Rico to work the sugar cane fields. Soon
Japanese immigrants alone made up a fourth of the population. Native Hawaiians were rapidly becoming
aminority on their own islands. (578) [Picture] Polynesians were culturally
ill-suited to the backbreaking labor of sugar cane cultivation in Hawaii.
English and American planters, who dominated the sugar plantations, instead
recruited Japanese workers like this one. (943) The presence of other Asian
Americans and an international atmosphere drew many Asians to New York City,
but climate made Hawaii and California particularly popular destinations. Of
more than 800,000 Korean Americans about a quarter lived around Los Angeles in
1990. So, too, the 1.4 million Japanese Americans settled primarily in
California and Hawaii.
[1996b] (367) By 1910, arrivals from Mexico were beginning to outnumber
arrivals from Ireland, and large numbers of Japanese had moved to the West
Coast and Hawaii. (367) The United States had been the destination of
immigrants from northern and western Europe since the 1840s, but after 1880
economic and demographic changes propelled a second massive wave of immigrants
from other regions. Northern and western Europeans continued to arrive, but the
new wave brought more people from eastern and southern Europe, plus smaller
contingents from Canada, Mexico, and Japan.
[1996c]
[1996d] −
[1996e]
[1997a]
[1997b] −
[1998a] (744) Thus they acquired thousands of acres on which they produced
sugar for export to the United States. In 1879 the total value of sugar estates
in Hawaii was less than $10 million. But by 1898 the figure had jumped to over
$40 million. Planters imported cheap laborers from China, Japan, the
Philippines. Korea, and Puerto Rico to work the sugarcane fields. Soon Japanese
immigrants made up a fourth of the population. Native Hawaiians were rapidly
becoming a minority on their own ilaqnds. (745) [Picture] Sugar was the key to
Hawaii's English- and American-dominated plantations. Polynesians were
culturally ill suited to the backbreaking labor sugar cultivation demanded,
Planters filled their labor needs by recruiting Japanese workers like this one.
(1201) The presence of other Asian Americans and an international atmosphere
drew many Asians to New York City, but climate made Hawaii and California
particularly popular destinations. In 1977 alone some 40,000 Filipinos migrated
to Honolulu, many eager to escape from the corrupt regime of dictator Ferdinand
Marcos. Of more than 800,000 Korean Americans, about a quarter lived around Los
Angeles in 1990. So, too, the 1.4 million Japanese Americans settled primarily
in California and Hawaii.
[1998b] −
[1998c] (715) Because of population pressures on the limited land mass of
Japan, as well as war and the quest for economic opportunities, Japanese
immigration to the United States dramatically increased around the turn of the
century.
[1999a] −
[1999b] (581) Thus they acquired thousands of acres on which they produced
sugar for export to the United States. In 1879 the total value of sugar estates
in Hawaii was less than $10 million, but by 1898 the figure had jumped to over
$40 million. Planters imported cheap laborers from China, Japan, the
Philippines. Korea, and Puerto Rico to work the sugarcane fields. Soon Japanese
immigrants alone made up a fourth of the population. Native Hawaiians were rapidly becoming aminority on their
own islands. (582) [Picture] Polynesians were culturally ill-suited to the
backbreaking labor of sugarcane cultivation in Hawaii. English and American
planters, who dominated the sugar plantations, instead recruited Japanese
workers like this one. (952) The presence of other Asian Americans and an
international atmosphere drew many Asians to New York City, but climate made
Hawaii and California particularly popular destinations. Of more than 800,000
Korean-Americans, about a quarter lived around Los Angeles in 1990. So, too,
the 1.4 million Japanese-Americans settled primarily in California and Hawaii.
[1999c] (555) Significant numbers of Japanese immigrants began coming to the
United States after 1890. From 1891 through 1907, nearly 150,000 arrived.
[2000a]
[2000b] −