(6) Curtailment of Immigration and Its Social Consequences

1952  
1961  
1962  
1963  
1964a (561) The unfortunate result was to increase the effectiveness of anti-American propaganda put out by militarists in Japan.
1964b ?
1964c  
1964d  
1964e  
1965  
1966a  
1966b  
1966c  
1966d -
1966e  
1967a  
1967b  
1967c  
1968a -
1968b  
1968c  
1969a  
1969b  
1969c  
1969d  
1970  
1971a  
1971b  
1972  
1973  
1974  
1975 -
1976 -
1978a -
1978b  
1980  
1981a  
1981b  
1982a  
1982b  
1982c -
1982d  
1982e  
1983a -
1983b  
1983c  
1983d  
1984  
1985a (627) Concerned about good relations between Japan and the United States, Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes had urged Congress to treat the Japanese like the Europeans. Indignation in Japan was so extreme after the passage of the act that Hughes feared it had "implanted the seeds of an antagonism" that were "sure to bear fruit in the future." Immigration restriction was just one aspect of the nativism that flourished in the 1920s. (724) But the Japanese Exclusion Act of 1924 unfortunately offset much of the new-found good will by causing an anti-American reaction in Japan. And later efforts failed to extend the naval limitations beyond battleships to other war vessels such as cruisers, destroyers, and submarines.
1985b  
1985c -
1986a -
1986b  
1986c  
1986d  
1986e -
1986f  
1987a  
1987b -
1988  
1989a ?
1989b (684) Expansionist and militarist groups inside and outside of government began to have stronger voices. If the Japanese could not emigrate and if other nations' tariffs limited Japanese export income, they said, then the nation had only one alternative: territorial expansion.
1990a  
1990b ?
1990c  
1990d  
1990e  
1991  
1992a -
1992b  
1992c  
1992d  
1992e  
1992f  
1992g  
1993a  
1993b -
1994a  
1994b  
1994c  
1994d  
1995a -
1995b  
1995c -
1996a (673) The National Origins Act fixed the pattern of immigration for the next four decades. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was reduced to a trickle. The free flow of Europeans to America, a migration of classes and nationalities that had been unimpeded for 300 years, came to an end. (675) When boycotts and shispering campaigns failed to cleanse communities of Jews, Mexicans, Japanese, or others who offended their social code, the Klan resorted to floggings, kidnappings, acid mutilations, and murder.
1996b  
1996c  
1996d -
1996e  
1997a  
1997b (407) The act had immediate effects on immigration. For the most part, it ended legal Chinese and Japanese immigration.
1998a (855) The National Origins Act fixed the pattern of immigration for the next four decades. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was reduced to a trickle, while the steady flow of northern and western Europeans continued. In Congress support for restriction was especially strong among rural members who saw it as a matter of race and religion and also of beliefs and loyalties. (857) When boycotts and whispering campaigns failed to cleanse communities of Jews, Mexicans, Japanese, or others who offended their social code, the Klan resorted to floggings, kidnappings, acid mutilations, and murder.
1998b -
1998c  
1999a -
1999b (676) The National Origins Act fixed the pattern of immigration for the next four decades. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was reduced to a trickle. The free flow of Europeans to America, a migration of classes and nationalities that had been unimpeded for 300 years, came to an end. (678-9) When boycotts and whispering campaigns failed to cleanse communities of Jews, Mexicans, Japanese, or others who offended their social code, the Klan resorted to floggings, kidnappings, acid mutilations, and murder.
1999c