| 1952 | |
| 1961 | |
| 1962 | |
| 1963 | |
| 1964a | |
| 1964b | |
| 1964c | |
| 1964d | |
| 1964e | |
| 1965 | |
| 1966a | |
| 1966b | |
| 1966c | |
| 1966d | - |
| 1966e | (741) After the war, the government in effect recognized its error and appropriated funds to compensate these Japanese-Americans. |
| 1967a | |
| 1967b | |
| 1967c | |
| 1968a | - |
| 1968b | |
| 1968c | |
| 1969a | |
| 1969b | |
| 1969c | |
| 1969d | |
| 1970 | |
| 1971a | |
| 1971b | |
| 1972 | |
| 1973 | |
| 1974 | (758) Although the Supreme Court upheld the relocation policy, the government later paid compensation to the displaced for their property losses. |
| 1975 | - |
| 1976 | - |
| 1978a | - |
| 1978b | |
| 1980 | |
| 1981a | |
| 1981b | (608-9) All of the 110,000 Japanese Americans on the Pacific Coast were subject to this order. They were forced to sell their homes, their belongings, and their businesses -- often at a loss. They were then interned -- placed or confined -- in the various camps that had been set up. Living conditions in the internment camps were poor. People were allowed to bring only what they could carry. Their new living quarters were often two small rooms that had once been used as stables. Located in the desert areas of Arizona and California or in isolated parts of Colorado and Wyoming, the camps were subject to extreme temperatures. Sandstorms and snowstorms were frequent. No other group of Americans suffered this type of imprisonment during the war. Some German and Italian prisoners of war were brought to the United States, where they worked as laborers on farms and army bases. But as a group, Americans of German and Italian descent did not experience the hatred, suspicion, or imprisonment that the Japanese Americans were forced to endure. |
| 1982a | (338) After the war Americans regretted their unjustified actions against the Nisei. In 1945 the Nisei were permitted to leave the detention camps and settle wherever they wished. In 1948 Congress passed an act to help the Nisei recover a part of their losses. |
| 1982b | (635) They had to sell their homes and possessions and move to crowded, hastily built internment camps. . . . After the war, the government paid money to some Japanese Americans for the loss of their homes and belongings. But it is estimated that only about ten percent of the total financial losses suffered by these people was ever repaid. |
| 1982c | - |
| 1982d | |
| 1982e | |
| 1983a | - |
| 1983b | (166) They were forced to leave their homes, businesses, and jobs on short notice. Allowed to take only what they could carry, the Japanese Americans sold most of their possessions for whatever they could get. Often that wasn't much. This passage explains why. Many opportunists were waiting for the prices on Japanese-owned property to go very low before they bid on it, Henry Takemori and his wife owned a grocery store in Phoenix, Arizona, inside the prohibited zone, "When it came time to sell . . . potential buyers knew that the longer they held out. the less it would cost them. Finally, only two days before the Takemoris were scheduled to board the Greyhound buses leaving for Mayer assembly center with 242 bewildered passengers. they sold the $15,000 property for $800 -- about the price of a new meat case.h Behind barbed wire. It is estimated that Japanese Americans lost $400 million as a result of their forced removal. |
| 1983c | (442) They were forced to leave their homes, businesses, and jobs on short notice. Allowed to take only what they could carry, the Japanese Americans sold most of their possessions for whatever they could get. Often that wasn't much. This passage explains why. Many opportunists were waiting for the prices on Japanese-owned property to go very low before they bid on it, Henry Takemori and his wife owned a grocery store in Phoenix, Arizona, inside the prohibited zone, "When it came time to sell . . . potential buyers knew that the longer they held out. the less it would cost them. Finally, only two days before the Takemoris were scheduled to board the Greyhound buses leaving for Mayer assembly center with 242 bewildered passengers. they sold the $15,000 property for $800 -- about the price of a new meat case.h Behind barbed wire. It is estimated that Japanese Americans lost $400 million as a result of their forced removal. |
| 1983d | - |
| 1984 | (426) Besides their freedom, the Japanese-Americans lost property estimated at $500 million, along with their positions in the truck-garden, floral, and fishing industries. Indeed, their economic competitors were among the most vocal proponents of their relocation. |
| 1985a | (734) They suffered, on the average, the loss of 40 percent of their property, and were barred from gainful employment for several years. |
| 1985b | (573) They lost their homes and businesses. Japanese Americans in other parts of the country suffered from discrimination. The episode remains an strain on American democracy. |
| 1985c | (249) A government order dated December 8, 1941, froze their bank accounts leaving them without funds. To raise cash, they had to sell any possessions they could. Other Americans and local governments took advantage of their plight, offering to buy possessions and property at low prices that rarely reflected the value of the goods. These Japanese-Americans could never regain most possessions and property lost in this way. |
| 1986a | - |
| 1986b | (807) After the war Americans regretted their unjustified actions against the Nisei. In 1945 the Nisei were permitted to leave the detention camps and settle wherever they wished. In 1948 Congress passed an act to help the Nisei recover a part of their losses. (807) [Picture] Hastily built tarpaper barracks were the new homes for Japanese Americans in 1942 when they were forced to leave their former homes and relocate in detention camps. This camp was set up in the desert near Manzanar, California. |
| 1986c | (634) Over 100,000 Japanese Americans on the West Coast were ordered to sell their homes, land, and belongings. |
| 1986d | - |
| 1986e | - |
| 1986f | (500) [Picture] Japanese Americans being sent to detention camps during World War II. They had to sell at low prices the homes and property they left behind. (501) [Picture] Vietnamese refugees beginning a new life in the United States. How does this reflect the spirit of America's history? |
| 1987a | - |
| 1987b | - |
| 1988 | (620) HISTORY MAKERS: Yoshiko Uchida. Member of family Number 13453. The family was listed as number 13453. They had ten days to pack before they had to report to the Civil Control Station -- ten days to decide what to take, what to give away, what to sell, and what to save. Friends took the piano and boxes of books. Some furniture went into storage, and some was sold. Their old collie, Laddie, was given away. On the last morning, neighbors brought breakfast, then drove them to the Civil Control Station at the First Congregational Church. As they entered the church, the family saw armed soldiers guarding the doors. Family 13453, the Uchidas, lived in Berkeley, California. Dwight and Iku Uchida were Japanese immigrants who, because of their nationality, could not become citizens. Their daughters, Yoshiko and Keiko, were American citizens born in the United States. (T116) They lost 70 million dollars worth of farms and farm equipment. They lost 35 million dollars worth of produce. They lost their life savings. But these Japanese-Americans had done nothing wrong. |
| 1989a | (634) Over 100,000 Japanese Americans on the West Coast were ordered to sell their homes, land, and belongings. |
| 1989b | - |
| 1990a | (674) They had to sell their homes, businesses, and most of their personal possessions for whatever prices they could get on short notice. |
| 1990b | (571) They were forced to sell their homes and businesses on short notice and at sacrifice Prices. |
| 1990c | (665) After the war some of the Japanese Americans were eventually paid by the government for the loss of their property. The payments they received, however, covered no more than 20 percent of their losses. |
| 1990d | (863) Those who were forced to leave their homes, farms, and businesses lost almost all their property and possessions. Farmers left their crops to be harvested by their American neighbors. Store owners sold out for a small percentage of what their goods were worth. No personal items or household goods could be transported. The Japanese-Americans lost their worldly possessions, and something more -- their pride and respect. |
| 1990e | (647) As a result of this action, thousands were forced to sell their homes and businesses at short notice, causing financial ruin. |
| 1991 | (612) These people, most of whom lived along the West Coast, were put in "relocation centers" -- in effect, concentration camps. Families being relocated were not allowed to take any of their major possessions with them. Many lost homes and businesses during their period of internment (imprisonment). |
| 1992a | - |
| 1992b | |
| 1992c | (290) The Japanese-Americans, forced to leave behind their land, their homes, and most of their belongings, brought suit against the United States government, but the Supreme Court upheld the government's actions in Hirabayashi v. United States and Kurematsu v. United States. In 1968, however, the government reimbursed many of those who had been relocated for lost property, |
| 1992d | (677) They were forced to sell their homes and businesses on short notice and at sacrifice prices. |
| 1992e | (677) They were forced to sell their homes and businesses on short notice and at sacrifice prices. |
| 1992f | (649) They were forced to sell their homes and property, although they were innocent of any crimes. |
| 1992g | (473) Sadly, these victims had to sell their homes, businesses, and most of their personal possessions. They were forced to take whatever prices they could get on such short notice. Japanese American families found that their new homes were wooden barracks, with one room per family. |
| 1993a | |
| 1993b | - |
| 1994a | (357) Their work, along with the realization of how unfairly Japanese-American families had been treated, finally induced the federal government to pay more than $35 million to the evacuees for property losses. But this was very little compensation for the immense damage that had been done. In a series of decisions near the end of the war, the Supreme Court upheld the essential features of the removal program. |
| 1994b | (865) Those who were forced to leave their homes, farms, and businesses lost almost all their property and possessions. Farmers left their crops to be harvested by their American neighbors. Store owners sold out for a small percentage of what their goods were worth. No personal items or household goods could be transported. The Japanese-Americans lost their worldly possessions, and something more -- their pride and respect. |
| 1994c | (498) Most of the internees had to give up or sell their possessions at a loss. (563) It forced Japanese Americans to sell their property and move to "relocation" camps inland. There they lived in shabby barracks surrounded by barbed wire. |
| 1994d | |
| 1995a | - |
| 1995b | |
| 1995c | - |
| 1996a | (759) Most Nisei incurred heavy financial losses as they sold property at far below market value. |
| 1996b | (527) Japanese-Americans were forced to sell property valued at $500 million, and they lost their positions in the truck-garden, moral, and fishing industries. Indeed, their economic competitors were among the most vocal proponents of their relocation. |
| 1996c | (256) (2) U.S. GOVERNMENT POSTER EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066. Japanese Americans lost their homes, businesses, and jobs because of this action by the U.S. government. Read the following quotes, which describe the ordeal most Japanese Americans experienced. "The government did not tell us whether we would be able to come back or not. They did not promise us anything. So I told my wife that perhaps the best thing would be to sell our furniture and buy food and medicines and things like that. Our younger daughter was only four months old, and the older one was four years old, and we didn't know if there would be doctors or hospitals in the camp. So we took in as much medicine and baby food as possible." |
| 1996d | - |
| 1996e | |
| 1997a | |
| 1997b | (547) Economic Hardship. The executive order subjected Japanese Americans to extreme economic hardship. Because they were permitted to take only a few belongings with them to the camps, they were forced to sell most of their possessions. Bargain hunters descended on their farms and businesses to take advantage of the evacuees. Signs began to appear reading Evacuation Sale -- Furniture Must All Be Sold. In the end most Japanese American families received about 5 cents for every dollar's worth of their possessions. Property not immediately sold was either stored or left with friends. Much of this was stolen, vandalized, or sold through legal loopholes. Even more devastating was the loss of farms, houses, and places of business. Estimates of this loss hover around $500 million. |
| 1998a | (962-3) Most Nisei incurred heavy financial losses as they sold property at far below market value. Their distress became a windfall for people who had long resented their economic competition. "We've been charged with wanting to get rid of the Japs for selfish reasons," admitted the Grower-Shipper Vegetable Association. "We might as well be honest, We do. It's a question of whether the white man lives on the Pacific Coast or the brown man." |
| 1998b | - |
| 1998c | (887) Those who were forced to leave their homes, farms, and businesses lost almost all their property and possessions. Farmers left their crops to be harvested by their American neighbors. Store owners sold out for a small percentage of what their goods were worth. No personal items or household goods could be transported. The Japanese Americans lost their worldly possessions, and something more -- their pride and respect. |
| 1999a | - |
| 1999b | (764) Most Nisei were forced to sell their property at far below market value. |
| 1999c | (835) Banks froze Japanese-American assets, stores refused service, and loyal citizens vandalized Nisei and Issei homes and businesses. (836) The orders to relocate gave Japanese Americans almost no time to prepare. Families had to pack the few personal possessions they were allowed to take and to store or try and sell the rest of their property, including homes and businesses. Some had two weeks, others had two days, but it did not matter. Finding storage facilities was nearly impossible, and most families had to sell their possessions at ridiculously low prices. "It is difficult to describe the feeling of despair and humiliation experienced," one man recalled, "as we watched the Caucasians coming to look over all our possessions and offering such nominal amounts knowing we had no recourse but to accept." A twenty-six-room hotel was sold for $500; a pickup truck went for $25; farms sold for a fraction of what they were worth. When denied a few additional days to harvest his strawberry crop, one bitter farmer plowed it under. The FBI promptly arrested him for sabotage. Japanese-American families lost an estimated $810 million to $2 billion in property and possessions. As if having to dispose of a lifetime of possessions almost overnight was not bad enough, the process of internment produced a feeling of helplessness and isolation. |