
Table 2. The Existence of Depictions of Japanese
Americans in Each Textbook by Subjects
| Code# |
Chief Author |
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(7) |
(8) |
(9) |
(10) |
(11) |
(12) |
(13) |
| 1952 |
McGuire |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1961 |
Todd |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1962 |
Leinwand |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1963 |
O'Connor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1964a |
Bragdon |
|
|
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
|
|
|
- |
| 1964b |
Wallback |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1964c |
Williams |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
|
|
|
- |
| 1964d |
Brown |
|
|
* |
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1964e |
Wilder |
|
|
* |
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1965 |
Eibling |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1966a |
Wilder |
|
|
* |
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1966b |
Todd |
|
|
? |
? |
? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1966c |
Caughey |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1966d |
Bancroft |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1966e |
Wade |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
|
* |
* |
|
|
- |
| 1967a |
Casner |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1967b |
Current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1967c |
Kownslar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1968a |
Todd |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1968b |
Reich |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1968c |
Todd |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1969a |
Trace |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1969b |
Bartlett |
* |
|
* |
* |
|
|
* |
* |
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1969c |
Reich |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1969d |
Robinson |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1970 |
Kownslar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1971a |
Sandler |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1971b |
Reich |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1972 |
Kownslar |
* |
|
* |
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1973 |
Frost |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1974 |
Weinstein |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
- |
| 1975 |
Skolnik |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1976 |
Schultz |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1978a |
Weinstein |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1978b |
Shenton |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1980 |
Durand |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1981a |
Kownslar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1981b |
Linden |
|
* |
* |
* |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
- |
| 1982a |
Todd |
|
|
* |
|
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
- |
| 1982b |
Buggey |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
- |
| 1982c |
Norton |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1982d |
Wallback |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
| 1982e |
Weisberger |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
|
|
- |
| 1983a |
Bass |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1983b |
Bass |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
- |
| 1983c |
Bass |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
- |
| 1983d |
Schreiber |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1984 |
Norton |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
|
- |
| 1985a |
Goodwin |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
- |
| 1985b |
Graff |
|
|
* |
* |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
- |
| 1985c |
Patrick |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
| 1986a |
Kemnitz |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1986b |
Todd |
|
|
* |
|
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
- |
| 1986c |
Davidson |
|
|
|
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
- |
| 1986d |
Leinwand |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1986e |
Norton |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1986f |
O'Connor |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
- |
| 1987a |
Armbruster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1987b |
Wallbank |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1988 |
Reich |
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
- |
| 1989a |
Davidson |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
| 1989b |
Stearns |
|
|
|
|
* |
* |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1990a |
Davidson |
|
|
* |
* |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
| 1990b |
Boorstin |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
| 1990c |
Bass |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
| 1990d |
Nash |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
| 1990e |
Wallbank |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
* |
| 1991 |
DiBacco |
* |
|
* |
* |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
| 1992a |
Grob |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1992b |
Grob |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1992c |
Axelrod |
|
|
* |
|
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
* |
| 1992d |
Boorstin |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
| 1992e |
Boorstin |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
| 1992f |
Garraty |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
* |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
| 1992g |
Davidson |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
| 1993a |
Schlesinger |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1993b |
Schlesinger |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1994a |
Jordan |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
* |
| 1994b |
Nash |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
| 1994c |
O'Connor |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
* |
| 1994d |
O'Connor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
| 1995a |
Barrs |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1995b |
Silver |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
* |
* |
|
|
|
|
| 1995c |
Asante |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1996a |
Davidson |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
| 1996b |
Norton |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
|
* |
| 1996c |
Wannamaker |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
* |
|
* |
* |
|
|
| 1996d |
Yenne |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1996e |
Davidson |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
| 1997a |
Zinn |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
|
|
|
|
| 1997b |
Nash |
- |
- |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
* |
| 1998a |
Davidson |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
| 1998b |
Clark |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1998c |
Nash |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
| 1999a |
Davidson |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1999b |
Davidson |
* |
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
|
| 1999c |
Berkin |
* |
|
* |
* |
|
|
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
